It really depends on the dog. I did take in 3 different dogs for days or weeks, no issue, no bonding either. The rabbits were shortly interested in the dog as a curiosity, and ignored it afterward. Only the Collie was disappointed by that, but that wasn't a problem. I think something like that would be the most likely outcome.
A neighbour had a big chech shepherd dog, and her rabbits cuddlled up to him and used him as a source of shade.
So, it's not like that prey-predator thing is what it's about, but how the dogs instincts are. What I did doesn't work with every dog, and my rabbits can tell the difference - when people with dogs pass by the front gate they sometimes ignore the dog, but at other dogs they go into hiding, they are pretty good at judging the dogs, the way how they move, react, look, something about their stance etc.
I wouldn't trust my rabbits with a dog that has a hunting drive, not the necessary instinctive social skills, or is interested in them the wrong way, hard to describe, it's a stomach decision. I wouldn't trust my rabbits with some people either.
I think it helped that the dogs had to enter my, and the rabbits terretory, made it easier to set rules. Also, my rabbits are pretty big.
