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Need help with Abscess Treatment

Bannu

New Kit
Hi all. I am looking for some advice for my Bunny's situation.

Name: Bunny
Age: 5.5 years
Gender: Male (Intact)
Species: White American Rabbit
Weight: 2.05 kg

Medical History:

Molar extraction (last year): Bunny had a molar extracted due to overgrowth. He has had ongoing issues eating long strands of hay since then, but was otherwise stable until recently.
Abscess under the chin (September 2024): Bunny developed an abscess under his chin, which required surgery in Bombay. The surgery involved the removal of his front lower teeth (which were rotten), and a passage was created to allow pus drainage from the front teeth to a slit in the jaw/skin.
Post-surgery complications: Shortly after the surgery, Bunny began oozing pus from the gap where his front teeth were removed.
Medication & treatments:
Meropenem (subcutaneous, 7 days): Administered but only led to gastrointestinal issues and did not reduce the pus.
Culture results: Showed Gram-positive cocci (Staphylococcus aureus) and Coccidia oocysts, along with Cyniclomyces guttulatus yeast cells in his stool.
Procaine penicillin (subcutaneous, 20 days): There was some reduction in pus, but a new ball-like mass formed in the chin area.
Current status:
New culture results: Now shows Gram-negative bacilli (Pseudomonas species).
X-ray findings: The pus has eroded the bone in the affected area.
Current Treatment Plan:

The vet who performed the surgery recommends oral Ciprofloxacin and Bactrim, along with continued pain management.
He believes surgery is not immediately necessary, but could be an option later if the infection doesn't resolve with oral antibiotics.
Concerns & Questions:

Abscess recurrence: The abscess has been persistent and chronic despite multiple treatments and surgeries. Given Bunny’s current condition (muscle loss, pain, scratching his ear, staying in a corner), I am extremely concerned about the quality of his life.
Surgery risks: Another surgery would involve both sides of the jaw being wounded, which would make eating difficult and could lead to further suffering. Given his history of unsuccessful surgeries and the severity of the infection, I am hesitant to pursue surgery again.
Antibiotics vs. surgery: I’m uncertain whether the oral antibiotics will be effective on their own or if surgery is inevitable. The ongoing issues are causing Bunny considerable discomfort, and I want to ensure he has a good quality of life moving forward.
Additional Information:

The local vets in my area are not experienced with rabbits, so I am hesitant to trust their recommendations. Most have suggested surgery, but I am concerned about the impact on Bunny’s well-being and would appreciate expert guidance on the best course of action.
Request:

I would appreciate your opinion on the following:
Do you think oral antibiotics alone (Ciprofloxacin and Bactrim) will be sufficient to manage the infection, or is surgery still the best option?
Given the bone erosion and chronic abscess, what are the potential long-term consequences if we avoid further surgery?
Are there any other treatment options (medications, alternative therapies) that could help manage Bunny’s condition and improve his quality of life without resorting to more invasive surgeries?
Any suggestions for improving his comfort and preventing further muscle loss and pain as we move forward?
 

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It looks like you have had pretty good vet care so far. Not sure what I can add.

I've had 2 rabbits with major dental issues due to abscesses. One lost part of his jaw when some teeth fell out (ie one side of the channel that the teeth sat in - so there was still continuous bone, but not with the functionality of a complete jaw). My specialist vet suggested actually removing half his jaw as it wasn't doing anything functionally, but I didn't go with that option as it still provided some structural support and it wasn't necessary to remove it for any other reason.

He had the usual recommended surgery to remove the abscess capsules. The external opening was kept open. It was flushed out twice daily and packed with medical grade manuka honey. He was on pain relief (can't remember what, but there were drops to go in the wound prior to flushing, and some oral meds). He was also on daily injections of a penicillin-based antibiotic. As far as I know, that is still the recommended treatment (although Depocillin is no longer available here).

Penicillin based antibiotics must not be ingested by rabbits - so no oral versions, and be careful when injecting that there isn't any seepage that will be ingested by grooming. There are some antibiotics which can be packed into wound spaces (ie impregnated sponge or beads), but some are toxic to rabbits, so check first.

Medication was for life in his case.
The surgical wounds were allowed to heal slowly from the inside.

He had a good quality of life. Feeding was adapted to his needs, and included syringe feeding of Critical Care (or similar) if needed to maintain his weight. You need to figure out what works for them. Mine could eat leaves off branches suspended at head height, but couldn't pick them up from the floor. Veg can be grated or shredded, and grass cut into very short pieces (get a handful and cut with scissors into a few mm lengths). Pellets can be moistened and fed from a saucer.

Treatment helped to keep the abscesses under control for both these rabbits, but they did eventually succumb to to the infection, well over a year later. One had several operations close together and didn't recover from the last one. The other had an overwhelming infection in her last 2 days. Up until that point, you wouldn't have known that they had major dental issues at a casual glance as they behaved like any other rabbit.
 
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