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Tumor or Abscess?

DPS

New Kit
Hello,
My bunny and I have been struggling with a health issue for a while now, but we haven’t been able to find a clear solution.

He’s 10 years old, male, and unneutered.

(A little bit of context even though I'm not sure if it is related to the current problem) Earlier this year, I noticed that one of his testicles was enlarged. We visited our vet, and she told us that it was most likely a tumor. However, due to his age, she considered neutering too risky. Her advice was to let him live out his remaining time as comfortably as possible. At that point, even though the testicle had become quite large and it had all happened very suddenly, he was still very active, eating well, playing, and constantly seeking attention.

Two months later, I started feeling a hard, bumpy mass on his left side, near his ribs. At first, it felt sharp, and I thought maybe I was just feeling a protruding rib that had shifted somehow. But over time, it turned into a round, lump-like formation. We went back to the vet. The lump was about the size of a large walnut and quite firm. She examined it by touch and with an ultrasound and concluded it was most likely another tumor—possibly a secondary growth related to the testicle, or a separate one entirely. In any case, she thought surgery would be even riskier now, especially since the mass seemed attached to the ribs and might not be fully removable. Her recommendation again was to focus on keeping him comfortable. She prescribed a supplement to boost his immune system—Imunoactiv, if I remember correctly.

After that I spoke to another vet I know who uses medicinal mushrooms and promotes them as supportive care for cancer. In times like this, you cling to whatever hope you can find, so I got some powdered cordyceps mushroom, which is said to support the immune system and may (according to some studies) have anti-tumor properties. I started giving him half a dose daily, as recommended.

Around that time, my bunny started to slow down a little, and the lump on his side clearly bothered him, but he was still eating normally. He was also shedding heavily, which probably made him more lethargic than usual.

Now, about a month later, the lump has grown significantly, but there have also been some noticeable changes. I don’t know if they happened on their own or if they were influenced by the supplements (the cordyceps and Imunoactiv). Secretly, I’m hoping that maybe this wasn’t a tumor after all—but an abscess—and that there’s still a chance we can treat it and get him better.

Here are the changes I’ve noticed:

At first, the lump was very firm, smooth, and evenly rounded.

- Now it has softened in certain areas—some more than others—but it doesn’t feel like it has softened entirely in depth.

- It feels irregular inside, almost like it’s fragmented or divided into parts.

- The lump is warm to the touch.

- My bunny generally lets me touch it, but when I try to gently squeeze it, he sometimes shows signs of discomfort.

Overall, he seems to be doing okay. He eats and drinks normally. As I mentioned, he’s still a bit sluggish, likely because he’s still molting. Interestingly, he has stopped eating hay, although he still enjoys other greens, including dried leaves.

Do you think it's just a progressing tumor or there’s still achance this could be an abscess? And even if it is, is there any hope of full recovery if surgery isn’t an option?

(I’m planning to speak with the vet again and take my bunny for another check-up next week, but I really wanted to hear a second opinion as well. Unfortunately, in my town, this is the only vet who truly has experience with rabbits, so I don’t have anyone else to turn to.)
 
There are a few things that you could still consider -

You could ask your vet to do a fine needle aspiration on the mass. It would distinguish between eg an abscess and a tumour. There may be a risk of adverse bleeding with some types of tumour, though.

You could ask for a full blood profile to be done, which would show his general state of health, liver & kidney function, possible infection. If it shows that there is an infection, there are treatment options which are worth trying (ie antibiotics). It would also indicate if he was fit for surgery, if that is something that may still be considered.

A full body xray may be useful in showing the extent of any tumours / abscesses, particularly if there are any on the lungs (which would make surgery less likely). It would require sedation - so blood results would be useful here.

It's also worth discussing pain relief when you see your vet. An NSAID such as Metacam may be useful for reducing inflammation, pain, relief from arthritis, etc. Pain relief often helps to improve appetite and general quality of life, but only your vet can make the decision to prescribe any.

I would monitor his weight at home - weigh weekly, and consider your next steps if he starts to lose weight on a regular basis. I would be inclined to let him eat whatever he's comfortable with, within reason, if he's struggling to maintain his weight. You can also supplement with syringe feeding of one of the recovery powders (eg Critical Care).
 
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There is no way to know if it is a tumor or abscess without further investigation by your vet. Vet may be able to aspirate some cells with a needle and view them under a microscope and/or send it to a lab for analysis. Even if it is an abscess, they often require surgical removal because bunnies will wall off an abscess making it hard to treat with antibiotics, though antibiotics can sometimes help.

I had surgery done on elderly bunnies, yet it can be risky; plus, as your vet said, tumors can return if they do not get good margins around the growth.

As Shimmer suggests, medication can keep your bunny comfortable. Sending vibes he does well for a long time.
 
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