Kidney-friendly rabbit diet? Needing advice please!

pyates

Young Bun
George, my gorgeous 5 year old lop/lion cross, was admitted to the vets 2 days ago after gradually eating less and less hay over a period of about a week. X-rays revealed kidney stones on one side, although his teeth were very sharp as well. Bloods seem ok. He's in recovery and improving but I'm not sure what the next steps will be re the kidney stones. Anyway, this has made me think, I've lost 2 rabbits to kidney disease since 2020 (although others have been and still are absolutely fine). This has made me wonder if what I am feeding is causing what now appears to be a relatively high incidence of kidney issues.

Firstly, I have been feeding crau hay for about a year now, as it was the only hay my previously ill rabbit would eat towards the end of her life, and its just kind of stuck with the others because they absolutely love it. I've always thought it was a little higher in calcium but now found out its actually very high in calcium (similar to alfafa in percent), so I need to find a way to withdraw this in a structured way without doing more harm than good. What is the recommended method - I'm guessing mixing with other 'normal' hay over time, but what mix of normal hay to crau hay, and over what time span, e.g. in a series of ever reducing stages?? They always get offered meadow hay and timothy hay as well as crau , but do vastly prefer the crau as its very palatable, and ironically good for ill rabbits. I'd be really grateful for advice here.

Secondly, I give my rabbits barely any pellets, 1-2 teaspoons per day at the most, so I'm assuming that's not an issue (?). But I do feed greens. per bun I would say a small handful of either parsely or coriander every day, a few sprigs of mint each day, and carrot top greens from one carrot 2-3 times a week. Also seasonal weeds like dandelion leaves, plantain, thistle leaves, raspberry leaves (I think they're ok, even good). From what I understand, parsely and carrot tops can be high in calcium but the effect is not as harmful as in dried hay/pellets due to the mositure content which effectively 'dilutes' the calcium. Is this correct, or am I mistaken and need to cut back on greens as well? They get access to fresh grass every day (about 1-2 hours depending on my movements), and eat that also depending on the weather etc.

I will be really grateful for any advice on how to let me be 'cruel to be kind' in a responsible manner!
 
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@InspectorMorse - thanks for that info, I had seen some but not all of it, very useful. It encouraged me to compile a spreadsheet to calculate calcium intake per day. Even without the crau hay, I am estimating c.800mg calcium which is roughly twice the recommended daily value for a 2kg rabbit. Even meadow/timothy hay alone would give close to the daily maximum for 100g weight of hay. Pellet calcium in the amount I feed is relatively small (25mg calcium). Bigger contributors in the amount I feed would be parsely (40mg), mint (50mg), carrot tops (65mg). Adding in crau takes it off the scale (additional 1100mg calcium for 100g of hay!!). Maybe I need to double check my cell formulae, but I'm sure I ran a test and it gave the same answer as on the referenced webpages. I suspect if you are within +/-25% of the ideal you won't go too far wrong.

I will reduce the frequency of greens, so generally just one portion per day. Its clear I need to cut out the crau hay sooner rather than later, how do you recommend I remove this gradually without causing more problems? I'm ideally looking for ratio of crau to normal hay, over what time, and how many steps down?
 
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If the Rabbits are eating other hays too personally I’d just stop the crau hay. If it’s not there they will just fill up on the other hays. If all they have atm is crau hay change them over to Timothy Hay and Meadow Hay gradually over a 2 week period.
 
I would weigh the Rabbits a couple of times a week too as that is a good way to help monitor over-all health. It’s especially useful when making any dietary changes.

Some people use bottled water with the lowest calcium content rather than tap water which contains varying amounts of calcium.

Renal insufficiency doesn’t always show up in blood tests until it’s at an advanced stage. If just one kidney is affected then a nephrectomy might be something your Vet suggests. Unfortunately lithotripsy is not used in Rabbits. I don’t know why, that question is now on my list of things to ask my Rabbit savvy Vet about.
 
Some people use bottled water with the lowest calcium content rather than tap water which contains varying amounts of calcium.
Yes, I use Tesco Ashfield bottled water which is 17mg/l, so it only amounts to a few mg per day per rabbit. There are some bottled water as low as 4 mg/l but really really expensive. There's no need to go that low.
 
Renal insufficiency doesn’t always show up in blood tests until it’s at an advanced stage. If just one kidney is affected then a nephrectomy might be something your Vet suggests. Unfortunately lithotripsy is not used in Rabbits. I don’t know why, that question is now on my list of things to ask my Rabbit savvy Vet about.
I'm really hoping he doesn't have to have one kidney removed. I will try to see if there's an option to surgically remove the stones but I know its difficult.
 
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