I've used superglue on large, clean chips on the outside of ceramic bowls before. It seems to hold well if done immediately (so you get a really good, clean join), and it isn't in contact with the bowl's contents.
The issue with cracks and chips is that they do get grot and bacteria in them which is very difficult to keep hygenically clean, so that's why they generally get replaced. No-one likes using a chipped cup in a cafe.