Rabbit
Diseases of major public health importance in domestic rabbits are rarely encountered. Biting is uncommon but rabbits can inflict painful scratches with their rear limbs if improperly restrained.[3] Among the infectious diseases Pasteurella multocida may cause cutaneous infection in humans.[4] Other diseases to which rabbits are susceptible, e.g. salmonellosis, yersiniosis, tularemia, are extremely rare and are more commonly transmitted to humans by wild animals. Direct zoonotic transmission of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from domestic rabbits has been documented.[5] More commonly some external parasites of the rabbit including fur mite acariasis (Cheyletiella) and dermatophytosis (Trichophyton) may be transmitted to humans.
Cheyletiella infestation (rabbit fur mite).
The rabbit fur mite, Cheyletiella parasitivorax, is uncommon in the domestic rabbit. It is an external parasite of the skin and hair that does not excavate tunnels or furrows in the skin. The life cycle is completed in about 35 days. Adult females and eggs can survive for 10 days off the animal body, but the larvae, nymphs and adult males are not very resistant and die in about 2 days in the environment.[6] Lesions in rabbits involve hair loss and a mild scaly, oily dermatitis. In humans the disease consists of a papular, and pruritic eruption on the arms, thorax, waist and thighs. Human infestation is transitory, inasmuch as the mites do not reproduce on human skin. For prevention of human infestation the infested rabbits should be treated with insecticides such as methyl carbamate once a week for 3 to 4 weeks.
Fungal skin infections (ringworm).
Fungal skin infections caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes are rare. In rabbits irritation and inflammation of skin areas occur with crusts, scabs and hair loss. Affected animals should be isolated. Antifungal treatment with topical antifungal agents or systemic griseofulvin (25 mg/kg) for 4 weeks is effective. The spectrum of ringworm in humans varies from subclinical colonization to an inflammatory scaly eruption that spreads peripherally and causes localized alopecia. Diagnosis is made by identifying hyphae in skin scrapings on a potassium hydroxide slide or by isolation in fungal culture media, the only method that allows identifi-cation of the species. In humans topical treatment with clotrimazole (Lotrimin®, Mycelex®) or miconazole (Monistat-derm®), twice a day for 2 to 4 weeks, is usually sufficient. When extensive lesions are observed or scalp ringworm (tinea capitis), oral griseo-fulvin (Fulvicin®, Grifulvin V®, Grisactin®) should be used. In adults the dosage is 500 mg twice a day for 4 weeks at least.[7] In children the usual dose of oral microcrystalline griseofulvin is 10 to 15 mg/kg (up to 500 mg), given in one or two doses, preferably with fatty food such as ice cream or whole milk. Treatment should be continued for 4 to 8 weeks.